Butler Lumber - 1910 Words

Butler Lumber After thorough review and analysis of Butler Lumber’s financial reports, I believe that it is in the best interest of Northrup National Bank to not only approve the requested $465,000 loan, but look to increase the loan amount. A review of the 5 C’s will show in more detail the decision to approve this loan: 1. Capacity/Cash Flow: Butler runs a lean operation that has allowed them to have success due to competitive pricing. They have met their financing needs by increasing their debt (notes payable) in order to keep up with the demand. However, their borrowing had led conjunctly to an increase in sales. Net sales have increased 59% over the 1988-1990 timeline and have been projected to increase by another 34% in†¦show more content†¦Because it would be such a large line that could help Butler Lumber, it needs to be understood that when working with that level of volume, some sort of collateral needs to be put up. We will be able to show how taking advantage of the 2 net 30 option, you can decrease cost of goods sold and increase net income with no strategic changes to business. Using this collateral would be a good way to recover some of the funds to reduce the loss if the company were to go bankrupt. However, when evaluating the performance of the company, it is beli eved that this company should be able to continue to produce strong results regardless of the economy and that the securitizing of the loan is an added safety precaution due to the increase size of this line of credit. 4. Conditions: The first thing that needs to be determined is the limit on the credit line. It was originally requested to obtain a limit of $465,000. However, it is recommended that we, as part of the approval process, refinance the current $247,000 loan to Suburban National Bank. If there were to be an issue, we do not want there to be a conflict on who needs to be paid first. Mr. Butler has had a working relationship with Suburban National Bank, but we do not see this to be an issue due to the fact they are capping him at $250,000. It is recommended that the limit exceed $750,000.00 but be no greater than $1,000,000.00. There needs to be enough capital infusion that they canShow MoreRelatedButler Lumber1443 Words   |  6 PagesButler Lumber Case Study I. Statement of Financial Problem Butler Lumber Company, a growing profitable business has exhausted its credit limit and the key issues facing it are: 1. Need for additional funds to continue the growth 2. Need to consolidate debt 3. Need to improve cash flexibility. In this case study I  will be discussing following problem: Why has Butler Lumber been profitable in the increasing volume of sales but at the same time it is experiencing cash difficultiesRead MoreButler Lumber1410 Words   |  6 PagesStatement of firm’s position Butler Lumber Company is looking for more cash due to a fast-paced lumber market and a shortage of funding. Their regular bank, Suburban National Bank, is not willing to expand their exiting loan to an amount greater than $250,000 without securing the loan with real property. Another loan is being offered by a second bank, Northrup National Bank, for $465,000, with the understanding that the previous loan would be rolled into the second. The interest on the new loanRead MoreButler Lumber Case1404 Words   |  6 PagesButler Lumber Company Case â€Æ' Butler Lumber Company Case Summary of facts: In 1981 by Mark Butler and his brother-in-law Henry Stark founded the Butler Lumber Company. In 1988 Mr. Butler bought Mr. Stark’s share for $105,000 to be paid of in 1989 out of which $70,000 was raised by a loan carrying an interest rate of 11% and repayable at the rate of $7,000 over the next 10 years. Over the past five years, Butler Lumber Company has experienced rapid growth in its business. It derives its businessRead MoreButler Lumber Company1414 Words   |  6 PagesBUTLER LUMBER COMPANY éâ€"Å"æâ€" ¼Butler Lumber Company(ä » ¥Ã¤ ¸â€¹Ã§ ° ¡Ã§ ¨ ±BLC)的借è ² ¸Ã¦ ¡Ë†Ã¯ ¼Å'我們é  ¸Ã¦â€œâ€¡Ã§ «â„¢Ã¥Å" ¨Northrop National Bank(ä » ¥Ã¤ ¸â€¹Ã§ ° ¡Ã§ ¨ ±NNB)çš„è §â€™Ã¥ º ¦Ã¤ ¾â€ Ã§Å"‹æ˜ ¯Ã¥  ¦Ã¨ © ²Ã¦  Ã¤ ¾â€ºÃ¥â‚¬Å¸Ã¨ ² ¸Ã¯ ¼Å'å… ±Ã¨â‚¬Æ'æ… ®Ã¤ ¸â€°Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã©Æ' ¨Ã¤ » ½Ã¯ ¼Å¡1)BLCçš„å ¾ µÃ¤ ¿ ¡Ã§ ¨â€¹Ã¥ º ¦Ã¯ ¼Å'2)BLCçš„è ² ¡Ã¥â€¹â„¢Ã¥   ±Ã¨ ¡ ¨Ã§â€¹â‚¬Ã¦ ³ Ã¯ ¼Å'3)BLCçš„æ“”ä ¿ Ã¥â€œ Ã¥â€œ Ã¨ ³ ªÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ » ¥Ã¤ ¸â€¹Ã¥ °â€¡Ã©â€¡ Ã¥ ° Ã©â‚¬â„¢Ã¤ ¸â€°Ã¦â€" ¹Ã©  ¢Ã¤ ¾â€ Ã¦Å½ ¢Ã¨ ¨Å½Ã¯ ¼Å¡ ä ¸â‚¬Ã£â‚¬ BLCçš„å ¾ µÃ¤ ¿ ¡Ã§ ¨â€¹Ã¥ º ¦ Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¨ ©â€¢Ã¤ ¼ °Ã¥â‚¬Å¸Ã¨ ² ¸Ã¦ ¡Ë†Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ¯ ¼Å'NNBÃ¥ â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ¾Ã¥ ® ¶BLCçš„å ¾â‚¬Ã¤ ¾â€ Ã¥ »  Ã¥â€¢â€ Ã§â„¢ ¼Ã¥â€¡ ½Ã¨ ª ¿Ã¦Å¸ ¥Ã¯ ¼Å'ä » ¥Ã¤ ½Å"Ã¥ ¾ µÃ¤ ¿ ¡Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã§â€ ¨Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥â€ºÅ¾Ã¥â€¡ ½Ã¥ »  Ã¥â€¢â€ Ã§Å¡â€ Ã¥ ° Ã§ ¶â€œÃ§â€¡Å¸Ã¨â‚¬â€¦Ã¦Å"‰ä ¿ ¡Ã¥ ¿Æ'ï ¼Å'ä » ¥Ã¥ Å Ã¥ ° BLCæÅ" ¬Ã¨ º «Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§â€¡Å¸Ã© â€¹Ã¦Æ'…æ ³ Ã¦Å"‰è‘â€"æ ­ £Ã©  ¢Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§Å"‹æ ³â€¢Ã£â‚¬â€š æŽ ¥Ã¤ ¸â€¹Ã¤ ¾â€ NNBéÅ"ۏ ¦ Ã¨ ©â€¢Ã¤ ¼ °BLCçš„è ² ¡Ã¥â€¹â„¢Ã¥   ±Ã¨ ¡ ¨Ã¯ ¼Å'ä » ¥Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã¨ § £Ã¥ ¯ ¦Ã©Å¡â€ºÃ§Å¡â€žÃ§â€¡Å¸Ã© â€¹Ã¦Æ'…æ ³ Ã£â‚¬â€š ä ºÅ'〠BLCçš„è ² ¡Ã¥â€¹â„¢Ã¥   ±Ã¨ ¡ ¨Ã§â€¹â‚¬Ã¦ ³  BLC 1988 1989 1990 è ²  Ã¥â€š µÃ¦ ¯â€Ã§Å½â€¡ 54.55% 58.70% 62.70% æ µ Ã¥â€¹â€¢Ã¦ ¯â€Ã§Å½â€¡ 180.00% 158.93% 145.05% 速動æ ¯â€Ã§Å½â€¡ 88.08% 72.00% 66.92% ç  ¾Ã©â€¡â€˜Ã¥ ° Ã¦ µ Ã¥â€¹â€¢Ã¨ ²  Ã¥â€š µÃ¦ ¯â€Ã§Å½â€¡ 22.31% 12.80% 7.66% Ã¥ ­ËœÃ¨ ² ¨Ã©â‚¬ ±Ã¨ ½â€°Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦â€¢ ¸ 71.755 69.631 應æ” ¶Ã¥ ¸ ³Ã¦ ¬ ¾Ã©â‚¬ ±Ã¨ ½â€°Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦â€¢ ¸Read MoreButler Lumber Case952 Words   |  4 PagesBUTLER LUMBER CASE REPORT The Butler Lumber company is facing cash difficulties due to the buyout of Henry Stark’s share and because it is operating a high growth rate. Thus, it is imperative to analyze the various options available to Mark Butler in order to meet the cash needs of the Butler Lumber Company. In order to support the reasoning for our recommendation, we constructed a ratio analysis (Appendix I; Exhibit 1). Even though the firm has realized increasing sales and decreased its operatingRead MoreCase Study Butler Lumber3374 Words   |  14 PagesCase Study: Capital Budgeting Butler Lumber Company Abstract Butler Lumber Company, a lumber retailer with a rapid growth rate, is faced with the problem of cash flow shortage. In order to support this profitable business, BLC needs a great amount of cash. The loan of $250,000 from Suburban National and a line of credit of up to $465,000 from Northrop National Bank are the two choices provided. After a brief review of the operation and financial conditions of BLC, we first make analysis ofRead MoreButler Lumber Company Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesButler Lumber Company Background: Butler Lumber Company was founded in 1981, in a large city in the Pacific Northwest. Typical products of the company included plywood, moldings, and sash and door products. After a rapid growth in its business during recent years, the company in the spring of 1991 anticipated a further substantial increase in sales. Despite good profits the company experienced a shortage in cash and found it necessary to increase its bank borrowings. Issues: †¢ Butler LumberRead MoreButler Lumber Company Case Study1644 Words   |  7 PagesButler Lumber Company Case Study Hoffmeister M-W 4:30 – 5:45 Group #3 Sam Rosenbaum Joel Valenti Meg Lee Stephanie Grob Butler Lumber Company Summary of Facts. Butler Lumber Company is a Pacific Northwest based lumber distributor that sells plywood, moldings, and sash and door products.   The sole owner of Butler Lumber is Mark Butler, accompanied by one administrative assistant and ten employees who focus on repairs and labor intensive work.   Because of Butler Lumber’s competitive pricingRead MoreButler Lumber Case Analysis1807 Words   |  8 PagesButler Lumber Case Analysis Question 1 Butler Lumber, a retailer of lumber products in the Pacific Northwest area, experienced a time of growth in the spring of 1991 (Harvard College, 2002, p.1). The company looked to take out a loan to grow business operations. The maximum loan offer from Suburban National Bank was $250,000 (Harvard College, 2002, p.1). This loan also required a pledge of property from company owner, Mr. Butler, to secure it. However, Northrop Bank would offer a loanRead MoreEssay about Butler Lumber Company1994 Words   |  8 Pages Group: Lucas Ghiglione - 260460555 Noah Lackstein - 260524490 Kayley Lankinen - 260534412 Elliot Leimer - 260447577 Noah Seltzer - 260532481 Subject: Butler Lumber Company Problem: The Butler Lumber Company does not have adequate cash on hand to manage their operations, and has become reliant on trade credit and sometimes late payment of accounts payable to manage their cashflow. With sales projected to increase by 25% to 35%, the company must decide whether to accept a larger line

Social Exchange Theory Application to Advance Nursing2 Essay

Social Exchange Theory: Application to Advance Nursing Anita Thigpen Perry School of Nursing Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Social Exchange Theory: Application to Advance Nursing Both sociology and psychology try to explain why human beings do what they do, and act in the manner in which they do. Social Exchange theory attempts to explain how we interact with one another and what we get from those interactions. The purpose of this paper is to look at how Social Exchange theory relates to advance practice nursing. I will discuss George C. Homans social exchange theory (Homans, 1958, p. 597) and how it applies to small groups. I will also discuss the theorist’s background, the studies and articles that led to his†¦show more content†¦It is assumed that most socially significant behavior will not be repeated unless it is reinforced by being rewarded in some way. Then in 1964 Peter Blau published his book titled â€Å"Exchange and Power in Social Life† (Blau, 1964). Peter Blau put more emphasis on technical economic analysis. â€Å"Groups are held together by exchange of benefits in a manner analogous to that in which an economy is held together by mutual advantage in exchange† (Spread, 1984, p. 157). George Homans theory focused upon the psychology of behavior. Before going off to war Mr. Homans began to work on a classification system of naming the variables of his model. â€Å"My first sketch of my three-fold classification first appeared in the last chapter of my English Villagers of the Thirteenth Century(1941), where it was wholly out of place†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Homans, 1983, p. 16). He continued to work on this while in the Navy and during a lull in activity wrote them out â€Å"†¦interaction, sentiment, and activity. An intellectual boundary might be drawn around any social system such as a group. Within this boundary the three classes of variables were mutually dependent on one another in the behavior of the members†(Homans, 1983, p. 17). After the war Mr. Homans returned to Harvard, being offered an Associate Professorship prior to his leaving the service. He

The Amber Spyglass Chapter 34 There Is Now Free Essays

Mary couldn’t sleep. Every time she closed her eyes, something made her sway and lurch as if she were at the brink of a precipice, and she snapped awake, tense with fear. This happened three, four, five times, until she realized that sleep was not going to come; so she got up and dressed quietly, and stepped out of the house and away from the tree with its tentlike branches under which Will and Lyra were sleeping. We will write a custom essay sample on The Amber Spyglass Chapter 34 There Is Now or any similar topic only for you Order Now The moon was bright and high in the sky. There was a lively wind, and the great landscape was mottled with cloud-shadows, moving, Mary thought, like the migration of some herd of unimaginable beasts. But animals migrated for a purpose; when you saw herds of reindeer moving across the tundra, or wildebeest crossing the savanna, you knew they were going where the food was, or to places where it was good to mate and bear offspring. Their movement had a meaning. These clouds were moving as the result of pure chance, the effect of utterly random events at the level of atoms and molecules; their shadows speeding over the grassland had no meaning at all. Nevertheless, they looked as if they did. They looked tense and driven with purpose. The whole night did. Mary felt it, too, except that she didn’t know what that purpose was. But unlike her, the clouds seemed to know what they were doing and why, and the wind knew, and the grass knew. The entire world was alive and conscious. Mary climbed the slope and looked back across the marshes, where the incoming tide laced a brilliant silver through the glistening dark of the mudflats and the reed beds. The cloud-shadows were very clear down there; they looked as if they were fleeing something frightful behind them, or hastening to embrace something wonderful ahead. But what that was, Mary would never know. She turned toward the grove where her climbing tree stood. It was twenty minutes’ walk away; she could see it clearly, towering high and tossing its great head in a dialogue with the urgent wind. They had things to say, and she couldn’t hear them. She hurried toward it, moved by the excitement of the night, and desperate to join in. This was the very thing she’d told Will about when he asked if she missed God: it was the sense that the whole universe was alive, and that everything was connected to everything else by threads of meaning. When she’d been a Christian, she had felt connected, too; but when she left the Church, she felt loose and free and light, in a universe without purpose. And then had come the discovery of the Shadows and her journey into another world, and now this vivid night, and it was plain that everything was throbbing with purpose and meaning, but she was cut off from it. And it was impossible to find a connection, because there was no God. Half in exultation and half in despair, she resolved to climb her tree and try once again to lose herself in the Dust. But before she’d even gone halfway to the grove she heard a different sound among the lashing of the leaves and the streaming of the wind through the grass. Something was groaning, a deep, somber note like an organ. And above that, the sound of cracking – snapping and breaking – and the squeal and scream of wood on wood. Surely it couldn’t be her tree? She stopped where she was, in the open grassland, with the wind lashing her face and the cloud-shadows racing past her and the tall grasses whipping her thighs, and watched the canopy of the grove. Boughs groaned, twigs snapped, great balks of green wood snapped off like dry sticks and fell all the long way to the ground, and then the crown itself – the crown of the very tree she knew so well – leaned and leaned and slowly began to topple. Every fiber in the trunk, the bark, the roots seemed to cry out separately against this murder. But it fell and fell, all the great length of it smashed its way out of the grove and seemed to lean toward Mary before crashing into the ground like a wave against a breakwater; and the colossal trunk rebounded up a little way, and settled down finally, with a groaning of torn wood. She ran up to touch the tossing leaves. There was her rope; there were the splintered ruins of her platform. Her heart thudding painfully, she climbed in among the fallen branches, hauling herself through the familiar boughs at their unfamiliar angles, and balanced herself as high up as she could get. She braced herself against a branch and took out the spyglass. Through it she saw two quite different movements in the sky. One was that of the clouds, driven across the moon in one direction, and the other was that of the stream of Dust, seeming to cross it in quite another. And of the two, the Dust was flowing more quickly and at much greater volume. In fact, the whole sky seemed to be flowing with it, a great inexorable flood pouring out of the world, out of all the worlds, into some ultimate emptiness. Slowly, as if they were moving themselves in her mind, things joined up. Will and Lyra had said that the subtle knife was three hundred years old at least. So the old man in the tower had told them. The mulefa had told her that the sraf, which had nurtured their lives and their world for thirty-three thousand years, had begun to fail just over three hundred years ago. According to Will, the Guild of the Torre degli Angeli, the owners of the subtle knife, had been careless; they hadn’t always closed the windows they opened. Well, Mary had found one, after all, and there must be many others. Suppose that all this time, little by little, Dust had been leaking out of the wounds the subtle knife had made in nature†¦ She felt dizzy, and it wasn’t only the swaying and rising and falling of the branches she was wedged among. She put the spyglass carefully in her pocket and hooked her arms over the branch in front, gazing at the sky, the moon, the scudding clouds. The subtle knife was responsible for the small-scale, low-level leakage. It was damaging, and the universe was suffering because of it, and she must talk to Will and Lyra and find a way to stop it. But the vast flood in the sky was another matter entirely. That was new, and it was catastrophic. And if it wasn’t stopped, all conscious life would come to an end. As the mulefa had shown her, Dust came into being when living things became conscious of themselves; but it needed some feedback system to reinforce it and make it safe, as the mulefa had their wheels and the oil from the trees. Without something like that, it would all vanish. Thought, imagination, feeling, would all wither and blow away, leaving nothing but a brutish automatism; and that brief period when life was conscious of itself would flicker out like a candle in every one of the billions of worlds where it had burned brightly. Mary felt the burden of it keenly. It felt like age. She felt eighty years old, worn out and weary and longing to die. She climbed heavily out of the branches of the great fallen tree, and with the wind still wild in the leaves and the grass and her hair, set off back to the village. At the summit of the slope she looked for the last time at the Dust stream, with the clouds and the wind blowing across it and the moon standing firm in the middle. And then she saw what they were doing, at last: she saw what that great urgent purpose was. They were trying to hold back the Dust flood. They were striving to put some barriers up against the terrible stream: wind, moon, clouds, leaves, grass, all those lovely things were crying out and hurling themselves into the struggle to keep the shadow particles in this universe, which they so enriched. Matter loved Dust. It didn’t want to see it go. That was the meaning of this night, and it was Mary’s meaning, too. Had she thought there was no meaning in life, no purpose, when God had gone? Yes, she had thought that. â€Å"Well, there is now,† she said aloud, and again, louder: â€Å"There is now!† As she looked again at the clouds and the moon in the Dust flow, they looked as frail and doomed as a dam of little twigs and tiny pebbles trying to hold back the Mississippi. But they were trying, all the same. They’d go on trying till the end of everything. How long she stayed out, Mary didn’t know. When the intensity of her feeling began to subside, and exhaustion took its place, she made her way slowly down the hill toward the village. And when she was halfway down, near a little grove of knot-wood bushes, she saw something strange out on the mudflats. There was a glow of white, a steady movement: something coming up with the tide. She stood still, gazing intently. It couldn’t be the tualapi, because they always moved in a flock, and this was on its own. But everything about it was the same – the sail-like wings, the long neck – it was one of the birds, no doubt about it. She had never heard of their moving about alone, and she hesitated before running down to warn the villagers, because the thing had stopped, in any case. It was floating on the water close to the path. And it was coming apart†¦ No, something was getting off its back. The something was a man. She could see him quite clearly, even at that distance; the moonlight was brilliant, and her eyes were adjusted to it. She looked through the spyglass, and put the matter beyond doubt: it was a human figure, radiating Dust. He was carrying something: a long stick of some kind. He came along the path quickly and easily, not running, but moving like an athlete or a hunter. He was dressed in simple dark clothes that would normally conceal him well; but through the spyglass he showed up as if he were under a spotlight. And as he came closer to the village, she realized what that stick was. He was carrying a rifle. She felt as if someone had poured icy water over her heart. Every separate hair on her flesh stirred. She was too far away to do anything: even if she’d shouted, he wouldn’t have heard. She had to watch as he stepped into the village, looking to the left and right, stopping every so often to listen, moving from house to house. Mary’s mind felt like the moon and the clouds trying to hold back the Dust as she cried out silently: Don’t look under the tree – go away from the tree – But he moved closer and closer to it, finally stopping outside her own house. She couldn’t bear it; she put the spyglass in her pocket and began to run down the slope. She was about to call out, anything, a wild cry, but just in time she realized that it might wake Will or Lyra and make them reveal themselves, and she choked it back. Then, because she couldn’t bear not knowing what the man was doing, she stopped and fumbled for the spyglass again, and had to stand still while she looked through it. He was opening the door of her house. He was going inside it. He vanished from sight, although there was a stir in the Dust he left behind, like smoke when a hand is passed through it. Mary waited for an endless minute, and then he appeared again. He stood in her doorway, looking around slowly from left to right, and his gaze swept past the tree. Then he stepped off the threshold and stood still, almost at a loss. Mary was suddenly conscious of how exposed she was on the bare hillside, an easy rifle shot away, but he was only interested in the village; and when another minute or so had gone by, he turned and walked quietly away. She watched every step he took down the river path, and saw quite clearly how he stepped onto the bird’s back and sat cross-legged as it turned to glide away. Five minutes later they were lost to sight. How to cite The Amber Spyglass Chapter 34 There Is Now, Essay examples

Generational Conflicts free essay sample

In an ideal world, parents or grand-parents would be able to communicate with their children because both would be able to learn a lot from each other. In this world, there is a generational gap between offspring and parent. The values taught today are far different from the values taught yester-year, especially in an Asian household. What is even more difficult for older generations to comprehend is the values American-raised children have over the values in Asia. In 1985, my family relocated to the U. S. from Thailand. Since the United States was the land of opportunity, my father wanted to make sure we had everything we needed to become successful. He worked hard for his business, our chinese restaurant, and made sure our family never lacked for money, clothing, or shelter. We werent rich by any means but we were able to survive. The five of us siblings, four girls and one boy, never had to do chores as long as we focused on school and kept up our grades, To my father, education was the stepping stone to success so we needed to be focused. We will write a custom essay sample on Generational Conflicts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was very broad-minded for an Asian man at that time. My grand-parents on the other-hand were very closed-minded. They believed that my fathers methods of education first and no chores, was a gateway to us turning into lazy slobs and worthless adults.. In Laos, the girls of the family had to learn to cook and clean at a very young age, starting at the age of four. The men were usually catered to and the boys did not have to do anything at all. Women were literally treated as servants and the men were the head of the household and held all the power. Since my fathers way of thinking was so different from my grand-parents, they got into a lot of different arguments, and have become estranged several times. One of the biggest fights they had was when I was fifteen-years old. I became a young mother at the age of fifteen, and even though I knew I disappointed my dad greatly, he stood by my side. As a young mother, my grand-parents wanted me to marry my childs father. In the old country, any woman who had a child with a man, had to marry that man. If they didnt, they were shunned. My father on the other hand, insisted I was too young. I was a teenager and made a mistake but that didnt mean I should continue making more mistakes by marrying the boy. He wanted me to have other opportunities, to not let single motherhood hold me back from achieving anything, whether it was an education, or finding the right relationship before marriage. He said that the decision would be ours in the future if we decided we wanted to get married versus having a marriage forced on us. The estrangement was tense and lasted for several years. It was truly very sad. I have a cousin who had a child around the same time I did. We were both fifteen. Her child was one month older than my son. However, she married the father of her baby not long after her little girl was born. She lived in Sacramento and my grand-parents made several visits to see the baby. We only lived a few blocks away from them and they never tried to come visit. The first time they saw my son was when he was already five years old. It always hurts when there is a conflict between parent and child. I am so grateful my dad is the way he is. Eventually, my grand-parents realized they were wrong. It wasnt because of anything they learned in the U. S. or their values changing, it was because they were getting older. They didnt want any estrangement in case one of them died. Eventually, they realized family came first. Unfortunately, generational conflicts between old values and new values are very hard to resolve. Each generation has their values and beliefs instilled in them from an early age. Occasionally, a child will be born who was taught old values but is able to challenge it. When you have a modern thinker challenge old views, a lot of conflict can arise and only time can tell if there will be change in the older generations views.

Christianity in Frederick Douglass Narrative Story

Impact of the United States on Europe during 1945

Impact of the United States on Europe during 1945 Introduction The period 1945-1990, referred to as the cold world war, arose because of national conflicting interests between the United States and the Soviet Union over the future of Europe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of the United States on Europe during 1945-1990 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Europe fought their final battles in the World War II, which left their economies in tatters with Eastern Europe under communist control. The cold war between United States and Soviet Union took the dimension of economic pressure, discriminating help, half-truths and assassinations. Shallow military operations intensified in bid to avoid a nuclear war. With the end of the Second World War, the Soviet Union swore against a repeat German invasion. Additionally, the Soviet Union’s intention was ensuring that the non-communist nations in Eastern Europe crashed. This is when the United States concern over Eur ope grew and thus increased her involvement. Economic Intervention Europe had embraced industrial revolution. There was high industrial development across the region prior to the World War II. The war brought the economy of Europe into waste, with many of its industries destroyed. During the period of 1945-1990, many of the countries in Eastern Europe fell into communist hands of the USSR. United States came in seeking to help save the European economy under the Marshall Plan. It aided the western part of Europe militarily and helped in rebuilding the economy. By the 1980’s the communist nations were rapidly falling while the economies of Western European countries were increasingly gaining power. This is highly attributable to the support of the USA. With the help of America, many of the western nations moved to link together through economic integration. They formed the European Union that increased trade among them through shared infrastructure. They agreed on a common cur rency (the euro) and made trade agreements that set their economies on the path to recovery.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Britain had been weakened by the Second World War hence it could no longer support countries in Europe like Greece and Turkey. Therefore, Britain sought the intervention of the United States. United States was strongly opposed to communism and to avoid European economies from falling in the hands of the Soviet Union they provided financial aid. They also played a major role in stabilizing the civil wars at the time. America’s intervention through the Truman Doctrine saved the nations from soviet communism. In effect, America saved Europe from foreign policy failures and military humiliation. America believed that once a country falls into communism it would also weaken the neighbors as there would be minimum interaction because of diverging trade systems. Their support was evident when the Soviet Union pressured Turkey over the Dardanelles Strait concessions that would have allowed invasion from the west, through enunciation of the Truman Policy (Archie 2011). When Stalin attempted to blockade West Berlin in a bid to take control and convert the Market System to a Communist System, USA aided Berlin with supplies and food (Berlin Airlift). This enabled Europe to maintain control of its cities from the Soviet Union. Were it not for the vast amount of aid America gave to Europe, European economies would have fallen further with the Soviet Union invasion during the cold war (Archie 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of the United States on Europe during 1945-1990 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Effect of United States Political Policies After the Second World War, United States and the Soviet Union were the only remaining super powers. During this pe riod a greater part of Eastern Europe was in the hands of the communist, the boundaries of Europe were redrawn. This division resulted into two blocs, the eastern bloc, which was under communist rule, and western countries (Zinn 2003). Western Europe and the United States unified and formed the NATO alliance while Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union established the Warsaw Pact. The two alliances, separated by what Winston Churchill termed as the Iron wall. When the Soviet Union seized some of the western European nations, it blocked them from receiving all forms of aids. European NATO members had limited capacity to the point they could not transport even lightly armed troops to their defense. They employed American Satellite reconnaissance to spy on the enemy greatly (Archie 2011). The European states could not have managed to impose their will on major crisis affecting the Mediterranean region or even calmed the Gulf crisis without the help of the United States. The Americans had no major damages to recover from, as they were not direct casualties of the war. They used their resources to save nations from the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union (Archie 2011). The political boundaries that European nations formed after the Second World War were because of integration that saw the formation of the European Union and council of Europe. The success of the integration was as result of the economic liberation facilitated by the United States. After the fall of the Soviet Union, European economies stabilized and there was an increase in European Union membership from six to twelve states (Pearson 1998).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Military Aid During the two World Wars, the economy of the United States did not suffer severely as compared to the European economies. America had enough resources to protect herself viciously. Hence, after the war they had enough resources to help Europe get back to its feet. The advantage of nuclear weapons and the manufacture of technically superior weapons aided by advancement in Information Technology helped Western Europe to prevent invasion from the Soviet Union. Although the Eastern Bloc produced numerous amounts of weapons, they were not sophisticated enough to fight of invasion (Zinn 2003). America formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949. It comprised United States, Belgium, Britain, Denmark, Iceland, France, Luxembourg, Portugal, Italy, and Canada. It was a joint military troop to provide defense against the soviet forces to Europe. It sourced most of its military resources from the United States. The troops also kept enemies off the European bounders and h elp in keeping calm during civil wars (Archie 2011). Merger of East and West Germany The Cold War started as nations struggled to gain power to control other nations. With the Soviet Union having gained control over Eastern and some parts of Central Europe, the United States was determined to stop any interference with Western Europe autonomy (Fedorov 2011). Soviet Union’s acquisition of more nations ended in 1948 when they were defeated in a coup d’Ã ©tat in Czechoslovakia. They thus decided to concentrate with stabilizing their control in Germany. Western Europe, on the other hand, was not willing to cede control over Western Germany. This was the genesis of conflict over the future of Germany as a unified state. The Soviet Union blocked all surface forms of transport to western Germany as they refused conversion into a communist state. President Truman of United States quickly ordered planes to send the starving Germans food, coal and medicine. The planes kept supp lying items constantly even in time spans of minutes to ensure that there were no shortages. Approximately, supplies worth 2.5 million were ferried in 280,000 thousands plane flights (Cold War Museum 2011). The creation of the Berlin wall led to the isolation of Eastern Europe that had many of its countries under the communist. There was an order by President Stalin to shoot anyone who climbs over the wall. This led to strained relations in Europe. There was growing disparity between the two German factions (Cold War Museum 2011). Eastern Germany suffered immensely as they could not access the Marshall aid. After building the Berlin wall and successfully isolating east and West Germany, Berlin became the center of the Cold War. It was divided into four parts with the allied nations (France, Britain, and America) controlling a part each and Russia controlling the other. The allied forces believed that for Europe to develop there was need for unity. This led to the congregation of the three parts of Berlin controlled by allied nations and isolation of the part controlled by the Soviet Union. This was a threat to Stalin as the underdeveloped Germans could clearly see the difference of their side to the allied side. He decided to block out the allied nations by cutting out any canal, road, or rail transport to the allied portion of Berlin, faking that he was reconstructing the road (Wilentz, 2008). The allied forces realized that Soviet Union could not attack them because of the fear of the nuclear weapon that they possessed (Cold War Museum 2011). They used air transport to provide their zones with supplies, as Stalin could not attack their planes. As time went by, the western nations, especially United States, outnumbered communist in resource endowment. This led to their eventual defeat. There was increased unrest in Eastern Germany that saw the bringing down of the Berlin wall. This allowed the Germans free movement and with the weakening of communist power Ea st Germany slowly moved to a democratic type of government. Unification of East and West Germany is mostly as result of the development in West Germany. United States stood firm and insisted that a communist system was not fit for economic development. They played a crucial role in changing the system through the Marshall Plan and implementation of the Truman doctrine. The United States, thus, played a major role in unifying Germany (Pearson 1998). Many of the people under communist rule looked for ways to move to West Germany. With time, those left behind revoked against the Soviet communist government. Germany was one of the wealthy nations in Europe. It had the highest GDP and was thus the backbone of the European economy. With the communist invasion and the creation of the Berlin wall that hindered German development the Soviet invasion had to cease. East German communist collapsed in 1990 and this saw the unification of East and West German (LaFeber 2002). Merger of Eastern and Western Europe With the fall of the Soviet Union, the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union changed. When Mikhail Gorbachev took over as the secretary general of the Communist Party of Soviet Union, he realized the futility of continuing with the cold War. He then sought to hold concessions with the United States. This was because of the increased power the United States had acquired over nuclear power and his realization of his countries weakening economy. He thus sought to be more cooperative and ordered unilateral decrease of the strength of Soviet Union troops (Pearson 1998). Improved United States relations with Soviet Union resulted into policies of openness and friendlier environments to their neighbors. Thus, there was a more cohesive approach to international commerce. The new policies Gorbachev made included his intention not to enforce the Brezhnev Doctrine that prohibited countries in Eastern Europe from defecting from the Soviet sphere of influence ( LÃ ¼thi 2008). Eastern European states having gained their freedom from the communist, started democratic movements. They moved from communist systems to capitalist systems, these were the systems in operation in Western Europe. There was widespread democracy with many regions gaining their freedom and the Soviet regime ending in Romania in 1989 (Pearson 1998). In Western Europe, America and other allied powers returned the authority, they had to the hands of the Germans. In 1949, there was formation of first federal republic of Germany and in August, after the elections, self-governance granted. This was the beginning of liberation in Europe with the help of United States (Zinn 2003). United States through President George H.W. Bush helped Germany in overcoming objection of the Soviet Union from membership into NATO. President Bush held talks with President Gorbachev and Chancellor Kohl. Signing of treaty on the final settlement with respect to Germany was on September 12. The tre aty also mandated the withdrawal of all the military forces of the Soviet Union from Germany. Germany renounced the use of chemical weapons, nuclear and biological weapons for the peace of the world. This saw the end of the cold war (Cold War Museum 2011). Social Impact Western Europe had to be on the same side with the United States to gain their favor on protection from the Soviet Union. This included all the western countries affiliated to United States. This new relationship saw the formation of organizations like NATO and European Union hence drawing the borderline of whom the Europeans could associate. They had to be friends with those that were friends of the United States, otherwise risk invasion by the Soviet Union (Zinn 2003). The division of Germany into East and West led to many Germans fleeing Eastern Germany and becoming refugees because the living conditions had deteriorated. Many of them were women and children. They German people faced slave labor from countries tha t Germany had destroyed during the reign of the Nazi. The refugees that managed to get their way to Western Germany though the Marshall plan got supplies to sustain them. The western economy also received aid from America to help the refugees start their new lives and contribute to the economy (Cold War Museum 2011). With the communist invasion and the creation of the Berlin wall that hindered German development the Soviet invasion had to cease. East German communist collapsed in 1990 and this saw the unification of East and West Germany as noted by Zinn (2003). Reference List Archie, B, 2011, Reform, Coup and Collapse: The End of the Soviet State, [online] Available from:Â  bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/soviet_end_01.shtml . Cold War Museum, 2011, The cold War studies, [online]. Available from:Â  coldwar.org/ . Fedorov, A, 2011, Russian Image on the Western Screen: Trends, Stereotypes, Myths, Illusions, New York, Lambert Academic Publishing. LaFeber, W 2002, America, Russia , and the Cold War, 1945-2002, London McGraw-Hill. LÃ ¼thi, L 2008, The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, Princeton, Princeton University Press. Pearson, R 1998, The Rise and fall of the Soviet Empire, London, Macmillan. Wilentz, S 2008, The Age of Reagan: A History, 1974-2008, New York, U.S, Harper. Zinn, H 2003, A Peoples History of the United States, New York, Harper Perennial Modern Classics.

Evaluation of Research Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Evaluation of Research Methodology - Essay Example We will examine the different types of approaches and methods that favored by all the three types of researchers. We will discuss quantitative-qualitative debate and examine the advantages and disadvantages of both the methods. These research styles are set within their philosophical, political and practical context. During the discussion there is an emphasis on the need to adopt a critical and reflexive approach to research. In the process of discussion we will evaluate all the three main research methods. We will also look at the possibilities for combining different approaches and methods in the same research project through a process. This multi-method approach and strategy would argue that this is helpful for researchers in seeking to reduce the impact of personal bias and maximize validity in research. While it is difficult to define precisely what social research actually is, there are certain aspects of the nation 'research' which can largely be agreed upon. The first of these is that researches is not an arbitrary activity, but follow certain rules and procedures. There are many types of research method available, and some of these in common usages include for instance social surveys, experiments, observations and depth interviews. Further more, we are interested in generating information of sorts, either to develop further insights into an area - to explain or explore a particular phenomenon - or to solve a problem, perhaps at work or in our local community. Various research methods: Research methods are conventionally divided into quantitative, qualitative and participatory research methods, each with differing underlying approaches, tools and techniques, faced with the glowing claims of proponents and often strident critiques and counter - claims of opponents, one would be forgiven for thinking that they belong to different words traditional disciplinary divides are, however, becoming increasingly breached. More over new tools and new solutions to short comings of old tools are continually being developed. The different methods can be integrated into a coherent research process, which builds on the relative strengths and weakness of each. Underlying the discussion are assumption about the main criteria for choosing between methods: the relevance of the information to the questions being asked and to the context; the reliability and credibility of the information and analysis; the ethical considerations in both means and ends of researc h; the manageability in relation to skills, resources and time available.Quantitative method: Quantitative, Qualitative and Participatory approaches have different disciplinary origins, and have developed distinctive tools and each and each has developed its critique of the other approaches (Hulme, 2000; Kanbur, 2003). In development research, quantitative methods have typically been the main focus, with qualitative and participatory methods often relegated to desirable frills. This is partly because of the overwhelming